{
  "schema_version": "1.0.0",
  "manifest_kind": "heavy_metal_index_evidence_packet",
  "retrieval_timestamp": "2026-08-18T18:13:45.193Z",
  "page": {
    "slug": "sources/categories/south-central-asia",
    "title": "South & Central Asia sources",
    "description": "Source pages reporting evidence from South & Central Asia (226).",
    "page_type": "category-index",
    "audience": [],
    "canonical_url": "https://heavymetalindex.com/sources/categories/south-central-asia",
    "wiki_doi": null
  },
  "content_pin": {
    "content_sha256": "24150c991d81acbec6b8034dbc1dd9c28ad645441fd1ba43297b5e56024075d3",
    "content_bytes": 38242,
    "last_commit_sha": null,
    "last_commit_date": null,
    "git_remote": "https://github.com/paleofoundation/heavymetalindex",
    "verify_command": null
  },
  "contributing_sources": [
    "sources/abuawad2023-folic-creatine-arsenic-methylation",
    "sources/afonne2020-heavy-metals-plant-foods",
    "sources/afridi2023-cosmetics-lead-dermatitis",
    "sources/afrin2020-heavy-metals-fruits-dhaka",
    "sources/afzal2024-livestock-heavy-metals-review",
    "sources/agarwal2022-heavy-metals-vegetables-east-kolkata",
    "sources/ahmed2017-bangladesh-vegetable-arsenic",
    "sources/ahmed2019-irrigation-water-bangladesh-seasonal",
    "sources/ahuja2019-magnetite-chitosan-arsenic-groundwater",
    "sources/akhmetsadykova2013-camel-milk-lab-lead",
    "sources/akhtar2017-pakistan-infant-formula-nickel-aflatoxin",
    "sources/al-dhabi2013-spirulina-products-metals",
    "sources/al-sidawi2021-heavy-metals-milk-cheese-kvemo-kartli-georgia",
    "sources/alam2021-bangladesh-poultry-feed-meat-metals",
    "sources/alam2022-dhaka-spices-lead",
    "sources/alam2023-dairy-cattle-lake-fodder-bengaluru",
    "sources/alamgir2022-karachi-whitening-creams-metals",
    "sources/ali2022-lead-wastewater-crops-meta",
    "sources/alinezhad2024-heavy-metals-milk-systematic-review",
    "sources/aljohani2023-heavy-metal-toxicity-poultry",
    "sources/amjad2021-lahore-chocolates-metals",
    "sources/apdraim2023-vermiculite-quail-meat",
    "sources/arain2026-groundwater-arsenic-dadu-pakistan",
    "sources/arshad2020-heavy-metals-cosmetic-products-pakistan",
    "sources/aziz2021-gracilaria-seaweed-bangladesh",
    "sources/baki2018-st-martin-seafood-metals",
    "sources/bandara2010-cadmium-rice-sri-lanka-crf",
    "sources/bandara2025-bael-herbal-tea-minerals",
    "sources/barkodia2020-jhansi-detergent-heavy-metals",
    "sources/barthwal2008-medicinal-plants-heavy-metals-lucknow",
    "sources/bashir2025-heavy-metals-cosmetics-kashmir",
    "sources/beene2022-arsenic-mass-balance-rice-water",
    "sources/begum2023-rawal-lake-water-quality",
    "sources/bhat2022-brick-kilns-milk-rice-heavy-metals",
    "sources/bhattacharya2024-rice-beer-assam-metals",
    "sources/bis2004-is-3959-skin-powders",
    "sources/bis2004-is-6608-skin-creams",
    "sources/bolan2017-rice-complementary-medicines-arsenic",
    "sources/brown2022-patna-spice-lead",
    "sources/brzezicha-cirocka2016-green-tea-geographic-origins",
    "sources/bsti2019-bds-1382-skin-creams",
    "sources/carey2015-rice-arsenic-percolating-cooking",
    "sources/carey2020-global-low-ias-rice-sourcing",
    "sources/cephed2013-heavy-metals-childrens-toys-nepal",
    "sources/chengappa2025-toothpaste-india-aas",
    "sources/chengappa2025-toothpaste-systematic-review",
    "sources/cicero2022-minerals-spices-aromatic-herbs",
    "sources/ciocan2021-ayurvedic-lead-hg-poisoning",
    "sources/deka2023-monitoring-strategies-heavy-metals-chapter",
    "sources/digoarachchi2022-swordfish-yellowfin-tuna-sri-lanka-heavy-metals",
    "sources/dineshkumar2025-fish-heavy-metals",
    "sources/diyarov2022-food-processing-heavy-metals",
    "sources/djedjibegovic2020-bih-commercial-seafood-metals",
    "sources/dulshan2018-clay-water-filter-ckdu",
    "sources/elbagory2025-toxic-elements-melon-ganges-yamuna",
    "sources/ericson2020-georgian-spices-lead",
    "sources/esoyan2024-matsoun-ceramic-packaging",
    "sources/famurewa2023-coconut-oil-metals-pesticides",
    "sources/fangstrom2008-breastfeeding-arsenic-protection-bangladesh",
    "sources/fatima2024-breast-milk-heavy-metals-lahore-neutrosophic",
    "sources/forsyth2019-turmeric-lead-chromate-bangladesh",
    "sources/forsyth2024-turmeric-lead-chromate-south-asia",
    "sources/frisbie2022-arsenic-drinking-water-global",
    "sources/fssai2015-chromium-gelatin-amendment",
    "sources/fssai2016-heavy-metals-third-amendment",
    "sources/gonzalez-torres2023-heavy-metals-vegetable-oils-review",
    "sources/grzadka2024-tea-radioisotopes-heavy-metals",
    "sources/gul2022-karachi-plastic-toys-metals",
    "sources/guo2017-asian-rice-derived-products-metals",
    "sources/gupta2023-rice-ash-bangladesh-arsenic-cadmium",
    "sources/gupta2024-tilapia-heavy-metals-cauvery-india",
    "sources/hasan2021-bangladesh-dairy-trace-elements",
    "sources/hasan2022-bangladesh-raw-pasteurized-milk-metals",
    "sources/haseeb-ur-rehman2023-pakistan-seafood-metals",
    "sources/hossain2016-bangladesh-vegetables-pb-cd-cr",
    "sources/hossain2023-bangladesh-chicken-metals",
    "sources/hossain2024-rice-cadmium-soil-ph",
    "sources/hossen2026-noakhali-vegetables-heavy-metals",
    "sources/huda2024-irrigated-rice-metals-pesticides",
    "sources/huhmann2022-arsenic-bangladesh-wells-rice",
    "sources/hussain2016-spinach-cadmium-zinc",
    "sources/hussain2021-nigella-maize-cadmium",
    "sources/hussain2024-rice-arsenic-amendments",
    "sources/inada2023-herbal-medicine-heavy-metal-regulations",
    "sources/india2020-cosmetics-rules",
    "sources/india2020-cosmetics-rules-heavy-metals",
    "sources/iqbal2015-rice-lead-salt-soil",
    "sources/iqbal2023-poultry-feed-pakistan",
    "sources/islam2014-arsenic-breast-milk-bangladesh",
    "sources/islam2014-bangladesh-cereals-pulses-metals",
    "sources/islam2015-bangladesh-foods-heavy-metals",
    "sources/islam2018-tangail-food-crops-heavy-metals",
    "sources/islam2023-noakhali-spices-bangladesh",
    "sources/islam2024-heavy-metals-bangladeshi-fruits-review",
    "sources/jaishree2015-effluent-irrigated-crops-metals",
    "sources/jaiswal2022-yamuna-heavy-metals-health-risk",
    "sources/jayanthi2019-chennai-chicken-heavy-metals",
    "sources/job2023-thondi-fish-metal-bioaccumulation",
    "sources/joshi2017-charcoal-point-of-use-water-filter",
    "sources/kaalieswari2021-fenugreek-arsenic",
    "sources/kaur2015-wheat-no-lead-toxicity",
    "sources/kazi2009-toxic-elements-in-infant-formulae",
    "sources/kazimov2014-dietary-heavy-metals-azerbaijan",
    "sources/khalil2017-snacks-peshawar-pakistan-heavy-metals",
    "sources/khan2007-withania-somnifera-metals-pakistan",
    "sources/khan2013-medicinal-plants-metals-pakistan",
    "sources/kharkwal2023-cooked-beans-vegetables-metals",
    "sources/konuspayeva2010-camel-milk-kazakhstan",
    "sources/krasnopyorova2024-almaty-surface-water",
    "sources/krasnopyorova2025-almaty-drinking-water-metals",
    "sources/kulhari2013-medicinal-plants-metals-india",
    "sources/kumar2022-bangladesh-agricultural-products-lead",
    "sources/kumar2022-macrophyte-minerals-fish-feed",
    "sources/kumar2024-arsenic-breast-milk-bihar-gangetic",
    "sources/kumar2025-mercury-lactating-women-infants-bihar",
    "sources/lalotra2016-jammu-wild-mushrooms-metals",
    "sources/lehel2023-yellowfin-tuna-indian-ocean",
    "sources/li2013-tea-chemical-contaminants-review",
    "sources/lockwood2023-sri-lanka-rice-heavy-metals",
    "sources/lodhi2021-methyl-inorganic-mercury-infant-formula",
    "sources/lutfullah2014-peshawar-dried-fluid-milk-metals",
    "sources/mahbub2018-poultry-feed-meat-eggs-metals",
    "sources/mahmud2011-crvi-chicken-pakistan",
    "sources/maikanov2020-fish-products-shuchinsk-burabay-metals",
    "sources/maikanov2021-meats-shuchinsk-burabay-metals",
    "sources/majumder2021-bangladesh-lead-pollution-review",
    "sources/manouchehri2021-honey-heavy-metals-review",
    "sources/mansour2014-monitoring-health-risk-food-chapter",
    "sources/martincarrasco2023-breast-milk-infant-formula-review",
    "sources/mawari2022-heavy-metals-drinking-water-india",
    "sources/mawari2022-heavy-metals-fruits-vegetables-india",
    "sources/meharg2009-geographic-variation-arsenic-white-rice",
    "sources/mirmahdi2021-dairy-decontamination-probiotics-review",
    "sources/mishra2017-rice-arsenic-thiol-complexation",
    "sources/modddaresi2022-cosmetics-heavy-metal-limits",
    "sources/mohiuddin2015-bangladesh-edible-mushrooms-metals",
    "sources/mohod2015-spinach-tomato-metals",
    "sources/morshed2024-heavy-metals-poultry-organs-bangladesh",
    "sources/mukhi2022-heavy-metals-food-packaging",
    "sources/mumtaz2025-infant-nutrition-trace-metals",
    "sources/murtaza2025-biochar-selenium-barley-lead",
    "sources/murthy2024-international-journal-of-scientific-engineering-and-research-ijser",
    "sources/naser2018-leafy-vegetables-bangladesh-metals",
    "sources/naseri2015-iran-shiraz-rice-metals",
    "sources/nawaz2019-wastewater-manganese-spinach",
    "sources/naz2025-trace-elements-punjnad-fish",
    "sources/normatov2025-syrdarya-river-heavy-metals",
    "sources/ojha2024-brassica-juncea-cadmium-lead-sewage",
    "sources/omirzakov2024-poultry-meat-kazakhstan-heavy-metals",
    "sources/oseisafo2024-ghana-spices-metals",
    "sources/pal2017-wastewater-vegetables-heavy-metals",
    "sources/palmieri2020-mercury-rice",
    "sources/pasumpon2021-seagrass-heavy-metals-palk-bay",
    "sources/patel2023-singrauli-herbal-plants-metals",
    "sources/patil2022-rice-biochar-cadmium-mustard",
    "sources/paudel2024-packaged-fruit-juices-nepal",
    "sources/paul2025-meghna-fish-arsenic",
    "sources/pompa2021-durum-wheat-cd-pb-hg-italy",
    "sources/pourramezani2019-iran-imported-black-tea-metals",
    "sources/pradhan2023-heracleum-nepalense-elements",
    "sources/prasanna2025-betwa-yamuna-metal-pollution",
    "sources/psqca2017-ps-3228-skin-creams",
    "sources/rabeey2025-bovine-hg-pb-cd-egypt",
    "sources/rahim2020-toxic-heavy-metals-fruits-pakistan",
    "sources/rahman2007-rice-grain-arsenic-fractions",
    "sources/rahman2021-dhaka-turmeric-heavy-metals",
    "sources/rakib2021-macroalgae-bangladesh-metals",
    "sources/rashmi2020-baby-talcum-powder-heavy-metals-india",
    "sources/ray2025-fish-chennai-metals",
    "sources/reksten2021-bay-bengal-fish-metals",
    "sources/rokanuzzaman2022-bangladesh-eggs-metals",
    "sources/roya2016-iran-torbat-heidarieh-rice-metals",
    "sources/rylander2025-georgia-children-blood-lead",
    "sources/sadhya2023-india-food-heavy-metals-regulation",
    "sources/saha2021-rangpur-aquifer-arsenic",
    "sources/sahu2014-cosmetics-metals-india",
    "sources/salhotra2017-vegetables-fruits-heavy-metals",
    "sources/salim2024-cadmium-brassica-juncea-seedlings",
    "sources/salmani2023-herbal-teas-metals-review",
    "sources/samitha2021-pineapple-kerala-heavy-metals",
    "sources/samma2024-bangladesh-vegetable-metals",
    "sources/sargsyan2024-rapid-market-spice-lead",
    "sources/sarkar2022-kathmandu-drinking-water",
    "sources/sarker2022-bangladesh-food-webs-review",
    "sources/schmidt2015-arsenic-infancy-commentary",
    "sources/schoofs2024-zinc-toxicity-upper-intake",
    "sources/scutarasu2023-heavy-metals-foods-beverages",
    "sources/sekar2021-alappuzha-groundwater-metals",
    "sources/shah2013-medicinal-plants-metals-pakistan",
    "sources/shah2025-commercial-turmeric-lead-chromium",
    "sources/shahzad2025-buffalo-milk-trace-metals",
    "sources/shaikh2026-sunflower-seeds-heavy-metals",
    "sources/sharafi2019-iran-tehran-rice-brands-metals",
    "sources/sharma2016-spinach-wastewater-metals",
    "sources/shi2022-sulfur-as-cd-wheat",
    "sources/shirani2017-iran-mashhad-rice-metals",
    "sources/shukla2020-honey-prayagraj-metals",
    "sources/simionov2023-danube-fish-seafood-pte-microplastics",
    "sources/soni2024-additives-contaminants-infant-foods-review",
    "sources/srilanka2025-dsls-187-skin-powder-children",
    "sources/stasinos2014-heavy-metals-tubers-review",
    "sources/subedi2022-fruit-juices-heavy-metals",
    "sources/subhanullah2024-panjkora-fish-metals",
    "sources/sultan2023-cookware-metal-leaching",
    "sources/sultana2022-dhaka-root-leafy-vegetables",
    "sources/sundhar2023-gulf-mannar-seaweed-metals",
    "sources/sushila2024-heavy-metals-human-milk-review",
    "sources/suvarapu2016-atmospheric-heavy-metals-review",
    "sources/tatahmentan2020-rice-grains-elements",
    "sources/thakur2024-darrang-groundwater-arsenic",
    "sources/thomas2024-lead-poisoning-ayurvedic-herbal",
    "sources/tinggi2025-spices-herbs-queensland",
    "sources/tolkou2023-fish-heavy-metals-review",
    "sources/toxicslink2021-india-diaper-phthalates",
    "sources/uddin2021-rice-aquatic-plants-review",
    "sources/ullah2022-khyber-vegetables-metals",
    "sources/ulusoy2023-canned-tuna-toxic-metals",
    "sources/uthayarajan2025-cdku-food-water-sri-lanka-review",
    "sources/vaishali2020-tomato-ketchup-delhi-ncr-pb-cd",
    "sources/vanisree2022-heavy-metals-food-crops-chapter",
    "sources/wecf2016-women-and-chemicals-scoping-report",
    "sources/wickramaarachchige2022-sri-lanka-aquatic-elements",
    "sources/wijeyaratne2021-alternanthera-metals-sri-lanka",
    "sources/yaqub2018-tea-metals-pesticides-pakistan",
    "sources/zavala2008-arsenic-speciation-usa-rice",
    "sources/zhuzhassarova2024-fish-seafood-central-asia-review"
  ],
  "license": {
    "prose": "CC BY 4.0",
    "structured_data": "EU database rights reserved — see https://heavymetalindex.com/licensing",
    "attribution": "Heavy Metal Index (heavymetalindex.com), Paleo Foundation. Cite page_url or wiki_doi.",
    "contact": "karen@paleofoundation.com"
  },
  "attestation": {
    "for_use": "Litigation exhibit, regulatory submission, peer-review supplementary record.",
    "verifiable_by": "Any party can clone https://github.com/paleofoundation/heavymetalindex at the named commit, hash the body of the named wiki page, and confirm the content_sha256 above matches.",
    "not_a_certification": "This manifest pins the Heavy Metal Index's published text at a specific git commit. It does not endorse or warrant the cited claim beyond the editorial methodology at /methodology and the correction process at /errata.",
    "license_terms": "https://heavymetalindex.com/licensing"
  },
  "generated_at": "2026-08-18T17:45:44.751Z"
}